橡胶垫块的安装技术和施工工艺很重要，橡胶垫块的安装质量将直接影响支座的受力状况和耐久性能。统计调查发现橡胶垫块安装中常见质量问题有以下几个方面：
1橡胶垫块垫石施工质量不合格。在橡胶垫块施工安装时一般在垫块下设置
30～50mm 的支座垫石，强度不应低于 C30，用以保证
橡胶支座与梁体及墩台的紧密接触。由于施工原因造成垫石混凝土强度不够、顶部不平整、垫石与梁底支承楔块的位置、尺寸、标高的施工偏差超过《公路
桥梁板式橡胶支座》(JTJ 4-2004)中规定的同一支承垫石高差小于 0.5 mm 的规定。
2橡胶垫块安放时支座中心线与设计垫块中心线不重合，支座就位不准确，使支座处在与设计状态不相符的受力状态。
The installation technology and construction technology of rubber cushion block are very important. The installation quality of rubber cushion block will directly affect the bearing stress and durability. According to the statistical investigation, the common quality problems in the installation of rubber cushion block are as follows:
1. The construction quality of rubber pad stone is unqualified. In the construction and installation of rubber cushion block, it is generally set under the cushion block
The strength of 30-50mm bearing pad stone shall not be lower than C30 to ensure the close contact between rubber bearing and beam body and pier. Due to the construction reasons, the concrete strength of pad stone is not enough, the top is not smooth, and the construction deviation of the position, size and elevation of pad stone and supporting wedge at the bottom of beam exceeds the specification that the height difference of the same supporting pad stone is less than 0.5 mm specified in highway bridge plate rubber bearing (JTJ 4-2004).
2. When the rubber cushion block is placed, the center line of the support does not coincide with the center line of the design cushion block, and the support is not positioned accurately, which makes the support in a stress state inconsistent with the design state.
3桥梁设计有纵横坡时，梁底预埋
钢板应确保底面水平，但根据目前的施工工艺和技术，很难做到完全水平，且梁体张拉起拱，总会发生轻微的转动变形，影响预埋钢板的精确度，使支座出现局部脱空、偏压、初始剪切变形过大等现象。
4个别垫块的规格型号与设计要求不完全相符。由于施工单位疏忽造成所摆放支座性能不能满足设计文件要求，如曲线桥固定垫块和活动垫块的摆放位置对于桥梁的正常使用影响很大，施工单位若将活动支座摆放错误，将造成梁体不正常滑动甚至出现落梁事故。
5
聚四氟乙烯滑板与
不锈钢滑板划伤、表面脏污、
硅脂未注满，导致活动支座不滑动。
6在落梁和橡胶垫块安放过程中，施工操作不平稳，使垫块安放后出现偏心受压或剪切变形现象。
7垫块安装就位后，未将支座附近的杂物清理干净，或者由于墩顶
伸缩缝破损造成杂物下漏使支座表面脏污，垫块不能正常滑动或传递荷载，失去支座应有的作用。
以上几点施工因素造成支座难以处于理想的受力状态，从而在使用过程中表现出脱空、倾斜、局部应力集中、剪切变形过大及不能正常滑动等病害，继而超出其承载能力后开裂破坏，因此在施工环节中我们应注意避免橡胶垫块病害的产生，倘若橡胶垫块已出现病害，则应及时进行相应的更换支座操作。
3. When the bridge is designed with longitudinal and transverse slopes, the embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam should ensure the bottom level, but according to the current construction technology and technology, it is difficult to achieve the complete level, and the beam is stretched and arched, there will always be slight rotation deformation, which will affect the accuracy of the embedded steel plate, and make the bearing appear local void, bias, excessive initial shear deformation and other phenomena.
4. The specifications and models of some cushion blocks are not completely consistent with the design requirements. Due to the negligence of the construction unit, the performance of the bearings placed can not meet the requirements of the design documents. For example, the placement of the fixed and movable pads of the curved bridge has a great impact on the normal use of the bridge. If the construction unit places the movable bearings incorrectly, it will cause the abnormal sliding of the beam body and even the beam falling accident.
5 PTFE slide and stainless steel slide are scratched, the surface is dirty, and the silicone grease is not full, resulting in the non sliding of the movable support.
6 in the process of falling beam and placing rubber cushion block, the construction operation is not smooth, which causes eccentric compression or shear deformation after the cushion block is placed.
